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    • 专利摘要:
    SYSTEM TO CONTROL THE PROPULSION OF A VEHICLE. The system (11) comprises a first engine (26) for applying rotary energy to a respective first wheel (30) of the vehicle. A second engine (28) is arranged to apply rotary energy to a respective second wheel (32) of the vehicle. A first inverter (22) is coupled to the first motor (28), in which the first inverter (22) is capable of receiving electrical energy in direct current from the direct current bus (12). The first inverter (22) is configured to provide a first group of alternating currents with a corresponding reference phase. A second inverter (24) is coupled to the second motor (28). The second inverter (24) is capable of receiving direct current electricity from the direct current bus (12). The second inverter (24) is configured to provide a second group of alternating currents with a phase shift in relation to the reference phase, such that the phase shift is effective to reduce the DC ripple in the DC link (12).
    公开号:BR112013023618B1
    申请号:R112013023618-3
    申请日:2012-03-06
    公开日:2020-12-01
    发明作者:Brij N. Singh
    申请人:Deere & Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of the Invention
    [001] This invention relates to a system for controlling rotating electrical machines to reduce current ripple in a DC link bus. Fundamentals of the Invention
    [002] In the previous technology, a vehicle can be configured with multiple rotating electrical machines that are controlled by a group of respective inverters. Rotating electrical machines may comprise one or more alternating current drive motors, one or more generators, or both. Each of the inverters can draw direct current from a direct current data bus and convert it into alternating current signals with corresponding phases for each rotating electrical machine. As each inverter requires direct current to generate alternating current from one or more phases, the direct current on the DC link bus may experience current fluctuations or ripples that coincide with, or are related to, the phases of the alternating current generated. For example, in certain cases, the current ripple on the DC link can be characterized as a transiently lower DC current than expected on the DC link or unwanted fluctuations in the DC link over time on the DC link which, potentially, it makes the control of rotating machines (for example, speed or torque controlled from the rotary electric motor) prone to error. To address the problem of high current ripple on the DC link bus, certain prior art vehicles use greater (or proportionally high) capacitive filtering on the DC link bus in the form of larger capacitor banks, for example. However, greater capacitive filtration can increase the cost and weight of the vehicle, which can lead to reduced fuel economy. Thus, there is a need to reduce the current ripple on the DC link bus or to reduce the required size and associated cost of the largest capacitor banks. Summary of the Invention
    [003] According to one modality, a system is capable of controlling the propulsion of a vehicle with reduced current with ripple on the bus in direct current. The system comprises a first engine to apply rotary energy to a respective first wheel of the vehicle. A second engine is arranged to apply rotary energy to a respective second wheel on the vehicle. A first inverter is coupled to the first motor, in which the first inverter is capable of receiving electrical energy in direct current from the direct current bus. The first inverter is configured to provide a first group of alternating currents with a corresponding reference phase. A second inverter is coupled to the second motor. The second inverter is capable of receiving electrical energy in direct current from the direct current bus. The second inverter is configured to provide a second group of alternating currents with a phase shift in relation to the reference phase, in such a way that the phase shift is effective to reduce the DC ripple on the DC link bus. Brief Description of Drawings
    [004] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a modality of a system for controlling rotating electrical machines to reduce current ripple in a DC link bus.
    [005] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a system for controlling rotating electrical machines to reduce current ripple on a DC link bus.
    [006] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of yet another embodiment of a system for controlling rotating electrical machines to reduce current ripple on a DC link bus.
    [007] FIG. 4 shows a group of graphs for direct current versus time on the direct current data bus for varying degrees of phase synchronism between rotating electrical machines connected to the direct current data bus. Description of the Preferred Modality
    [008] Ripple refers, unless otherwise indicated, to the variation in direct current (DC) or the voltage of the direct current bus. Ripple can be modeled as a component of the alternating current signal (for example, in general, a sawtooth waveform) of lower magnitude that is combined with the component of direct current of greater magnitude to form an aggregate signal on the bus in direct current. The peak-to-peak magnitude of the ripple or the average square root of the magnitude of the ripple can be expressed as a percentage of the DC component or the aggregate signal on the DC link.
    [009] A capacitor or capacitor bank can be associated with a nominal ripple, which is the maximum current that can be applied to the capacitor at a corresponding frequency (for example, switching frequency of an inverter) of the ripple current.
    [0010] According to one embodiment, FIG. 1 shows a system 11 that is capable of controlling the propulsion of a vehicle with reduced current ripple or current with ripple in the DC link 12.
    [0011] An electrical power source 10 is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the direct current (DC) bus 12. For example, the electrical power source 10 may comprise a battery, a fuel cell, the output of a generator , the rectified output of an alternator or other source of electrical energy.
    [0012] The DC link 12 has a positive and a negative terminal. A first capacitor 14 is coupled between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus 12. The first capacitor 14 is coupled through the DC input terminals (or corresponding input conductors) of the first inverter 22. A second capacitor 18 is coupled between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus 12. The second capacitor 18 is coupled via the DC input terminals (or corresponding input conductors) of the second inverter 24. In one embodiment, the first capacitor 14 and the second capacitor 18 are selected to: (1) satisfy a nominal ripple in a current with maximum expected ripple and (2) have respective capacitances that are sufficient to reasonably uniformize the current ripple to achieve a target ripple magnitude (for example, less than approximately five percent of the aggregate DC bus signal) together with the phase shift between the current output signals of the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24, which will be described in more detail below.
    [0013] The first link inductance 16 is connected between the positive terminals of the first capacitor 14 and the second capacitor 18. The second link inductance 19 is connected between the negative terminals of the first capacitor 14 and the second capacitor 18. The first capacitor 14 and the second capacitor 18 are configured to filter the DC ripple on the DC bus 12. The first capacitor 14, the second capacitor 18, the first link inductance 16 and the second link inductance 19 can form a filter network for reduce ripple, where the filter network is tuned to a suitable resonant frequency range to reduce ripple current on the DC 2 bus. For example, the appropriate frequency range can be tuned to a frequency range (for example, including second harmonics, other harmonics or intermodulation products of the inverter outputs) of the output signals of the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 .
    [0014] A first inverter 22 is coupled or electrically connected to the DC bus 12 for the DC power input of the DC bus 12 to the first inverter 22. A second inverter 24 is coupled or electrically connected to the DC bus 12 for the power input DC bus 12 on the second inverter 24. The inverter (22, 24) may comprise a motor controller, a generator controller, a rotating electrical machine controller or a device for converting direct current into one or more signals into current alternated with corresponding phases. For example, the inverter can convert direct current into output signals with three respective phases. The output signals may comprise square, sinusoidal waves, modulated by pulse width or another alternating current signal. The first inverter 22 is coupled to input terminals of the first motor 26 and the second inverter 24 is coupled to input terminals of the second motor 28.
    [0015] As illustrated in FIG. 1, the first inverter 22 transmits an alternating signal 34, while the second inverter 24 transmits an alternating current signal with displaced phase 36 which is displaced in phase by a phase displacement (for example, approximately thirty degrees) with respect to the signal alternating current 34 to reduce current ripple on the DC 12 bus. In one example, alternating signal 34 comprises three component signals with phases shifted from each other, where each component signal is phase shifted approximately 120 degrees in any other component signal of the same inverter (22, 24). In this way, the phase shift or interinverter phase shift between the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 are actually applied individually to each of the three phase components of the alternating current with displaced phase 36 signal.
    [0016] In FIG. 1, system 1 comprises a first engine 26 for applying rotary energy to a respective first wheel 30 of the vehicle by means of a mechanism 33 for transferring rotary energy. A second engine 28 is arranged to apply rotary energy to a respective second wheel 32 of the vehicle by means of the mechanism 33 for transferring rotary energy. The mechanism 33 can comprise an axis, a connection, a trans-axis, a gearbox or other device for transferring rotary energy, for example. In various configurations, the first motor 26 and the second motor 28 may comprise: (1) a pair of permanent magnet machines, (2) a pair of switched reluctance machines and (3) a combination of permanent magnet machine and one switched reluctance machine.
    [0017] If the first motor 26 and the second motor 28 comprise a combination of a permanent magnet machine and a switched reluctance machine, the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 may have output signals that are offset from each other. others (for example, and adjusted from approximately 30 degrees of phase shift to accommodate the different motor or machine configuration) with a phase shift (for example, an adjusted phase shift) to minimize current ripple by increasing or by maximizing the pulse count or frequency of current ripple on the DC bus. By increasing or maximizing the pulse count or frequency of the ripple current on the DC link bus, the size of the capacitor and the spatial requirements for filtering the DC link bus 12 can be materially reduced. Similarly, if the first motor 26 and the second motor 28 have a different number of pole pairs, the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 may have output signals that are offset from each other (for example, and adjusted to from approximately 30 degrees of phase shift to accommodate the difference in numbers or pole pair configuration) with a phase shift (for example, an adjusted phase shift) to minimize ripple current on the bus in direct current 12.
    [0018] A data bus 32 supports communications between the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24. The data bus is capable of carrying a data message indicative of the reference phase between the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24. In In one embodiment, the data bus comprises a controller area network (CAN) data bus or other vehicle data bus.
    [0019] In one embodiment, the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 are capable of communicating with each other via a data bus 32 or another transmission line. For example, a transmission inverter (22 or 24) can send or transmit a message or data signal to the other inverter or receiving inverter via data bus 32 or the transmission line that indicates the phase status of the inverter. transmission or instructs the receiving inverter to operate with a certain phase or phase shift in relation to the transmission inverter. In one embodiment, the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 can be driven by a common clock signal or other synchronization signal to synchronize their operations, and such clock signal or synchronization signal can be distributed among the inverters (22, 24) via data bus 32 or the transmission line.
    [0020] The first inverter 22 is capable of receiving electrical energy in direct current from the direct current bus 12. The first inverter 22 is configured to provide a first group of alternating current signals 34 with a corresponding reference phase. A second inverter 24 is coupled to the second motor 28. The second inverter 24 is capable of receiving electrical energy in direct current from the direct current bus. The second inverter 24 is configured to provide a second group of alternating current signals 36 with a phase shift in relation to the reference phase, such that the phase shift is effective to reduce the DC ripple on the current bus to be continued.
    [0021] In another embodiment, the first inverter 22 comprises a master inverter and the second inverter 24 comprises a slave inverter. The master inverter provides a clock signal to the slave inverter and a message or data signal that instructs the slave inverter to operate with a certain phase shift or phase change to the master inverter. Phase shift refers to the phase that is determined with reference to one of the output signals (for example, sinusoidal output signal, pulse width modulated signal or other waveform or front or rear edges of a pulse) of the drive master, for example. A second inverter 24 is coupled to the second motor 28. The second inverter 24 is capable of receiving electrical energy in direct current from the direct current bus.
    [0022] In one configuration, the second inverter 24 is configured to provide a second group of alternating currents with a phase shift in relation to the reference phase, such that the phase shift (for example, approximately 30 degrees) is effective to reduce dc ripple on the dc bus. The phase shift to reduce the ripple current can be approximately thirty degrees, where the first motor 26 and the second motor 28 are a matched pair, have the same number of pole pairs and are the same type of machine (for example , permanent magnet, three-phase alternating current motor), for example. As used throughout this document, "approximately" should mean about five percent of the phase shift, or other relevant value that the context requires. Although the phase shift between the alternating current signals of the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 can be approximately thirty degrees, in practice, the phase shift may depend on one or more of the following factors: (1) the number of inverters coupled to the same DC link, (2) the load inductance or other electrical characteristics of the loads (for example, motors or machines) coupled to each output of the inverter, (3) if both the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 control motors with the same number and configuration of pole pairs, or a different number of pole pairs, (4) if both the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 control switched reluctance motors, (5) if both the first inverter 22 when the second inverter 24 controls permanent magnet motors, (6) if the first inverter 22 is coupled to a permanent magnet machine and if the second inverter 24 is coupled to a common reluctance machine (7) how the inverters are packaged (for example, with inductors, capacitors, filters, corresponding networks or connector configurations), (8) whether the inverter has a DC link inductance ), (9) a DC link inductance level associated with a load motor, (10) tuning, filtering, or wiring harness impedance between the drive and its motor, and (11) operating speed range and requirements torque of the motor or machine coupled to the bus in direct current.
    [0023] Each output phase of a multi-phase inverter (22, 24) can be shifted approximately 360 degrees divided by the number of output phases of the multi-phase inverter. For a three-phase inverter, the output phases (for example, inverter output phases) can be shifted by approximately 120 degrees, whereas, for a two-phase inverter, the output phases can be shifted by approximately 180 degrees. Approximately it should mean about five percent of the amount in question. The first inverter 22 can transmit a first group of alternating current signals comprising three respective signals associated with three corresponding different output phases (for example, phase A of the first inverter, phase B of the first inverter and phase C of the first inverter, in that the displaced phases are displaced by an intra-inverter phase shift). The second inverter 24 can transmit a second group of alternating current signals comprising three respective signals with three corresponding different output phases (for example, phase A of the second inverter, phase B of the second inverter and phase C of the second inverter, where the displaced phases are displaced by an inverter phase shift). Here, the phase shift or phase shift between any two inverters (that is, the interinverter phase shift) can be defined as one or more of the following: (1) the absolute value of the difference between phase A of the first inverter and phase A of the second inverter; (2) the absolute value of the difference between phase B of the first inverter and phase B of the second inverter; (3) the absolute value of the difference between phase C of the first inverter and phase C of the second inverter. The first group of alternating current signals comprises a different pulse width modulated signal for each input terminal of the first motor 26. The second group of alternating current signals comprises a different pulse width modulated signal for each input terminal of the first motor 26. second engine 28.
    [0024] The system 111 of FIG. 2 is similar to system 11 of FIG. 1, except that the system 111 of FIG. 2 further comprises a controller 38 coupled to data bus 32. Here, controller 38 is able to communicate with the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24. The first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 are capable of communicating with each other via controller 38 or directly via data bus 32 or the transmission line. For example, a transmission inverter can send or transmit a message or data signal to the other inverter or receiving inverter via data bus 32 or the transmission line that indicates the phase status of the transmission inverter.
    [0025] In one configuration, controller 38 is programmed with SOFTWARE instructions to assign an identifier to each inverter (23, 24) and a phase shift to each inverter (for example, which is referenced to a reference phase). Controller 38 instructs first inverter 22 and second inverter 24 to operate with certain assigned phases that controller 38 determines, in which the phases have a phase shift relative to each other. In one configuration, the phase shift is determined based on the number of inverters (22, 24) and corresponding motors (26, 28) coupled to the DC 12 bus.
    [0026] In one embodiment, controller 38 provides a common clock signal or other synchronization signal to the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 to synchronize its operations, and such a clock signal or synchronism signal can be distributed among the inverters via data bus 32 or the transmission line.
    [0027] The first inverter 22 is capable of receiving electrical energy in direct current from the direct current bus 12. The first inverter 22 is configured to provide a first group of alternating currents with a corresponding reference phase. A second inverter 24 is coupled to the second motor 28. The second inverter 24 is capable of receiving electrical energy in direct current from the direct current bus 12. The second inverter 24 is configured to provide a second group of alternating currents with a displacement phase in relation to the reference phase, in such a way that the phase shift (for example, approximately 30 degrees) is effective in reducing the DC ripple in the DC bus. Although the phase shift between the alternating current signals of the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 can be approximately thirty degrees, in practice, the phase shift may depend on one or more of the following factors: (1) the number of inverters coupled to the same DC link 12, (2) the load inductance or other electrical characteristics of the loads (for example, motors or machines) coupled to each inverter output, (3) if both the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 control motors with the same number and configuration of pole pairs, (4) if both the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 control switched reluctance motors, (5) if both the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 control motors permanent magnet, (6) if the first inverter 22 is coupled to a permanent magnet machine and if the second inverter 24 is coupled to a switched reluctance machine, or vice versa, (7) like the inverters sensors are packaged (for example, with inductors, capacitors, filters, corresponding networks or connector configurations), (8) if the inverter has a DC link inductance, (9) a DC link inductance level associated with a load motor, (10) tuning, filtering or wiring harness impedance correspondence between the inverter and its motor, and (11) operating speed range and torque requirements of the motor or machine coupled to the current bus to be continued.
    [0028] In one embodiment, the DC link 12 has positive and negative terminals. A first capacitor 14 has a positive terminal and a negative terminal connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals, respectively, of the DC bus 12. A second capacitor 18 has a positive terminal and a negative terminal connected in parallel between the positive terminals. and negative, respectively, of the DC link bus 12. A first link inductance 16 is connected in series with the DC link positive terminal between the positive terminals of the first capacitor 14 and the second capacitor 18. A second link inductance 19 is connected in series with the negative terminal of the DC link between the negative terminals of the first capacitor 14 and the second capacitor 18, where the required value (for example, in Farads) or the required capacitance size of the first capacitor 14 and second capacitor 18 can be reduced in proportion to the corresponding reduction in current ripple continuously attributable to the phase shift (of the alternating current signals) between the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24.
    [0029] In one configuration, the first link inductance 16 has an inductance in the range of approximately 50 nH (nanoHenries) to approximately 100 nH, and the second link inductance 19 has an inductance in the range of approximately 50 nH to approximately 100 nH.
    [0030] According to another embodiment, FIG. 3 shows a system 211 that is capable of controlling the propulsion of a vehicle with reduced current with ripple on the DC bus 333.
    [0031] A rotating electrical machine 106 is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the direct current (DC) 333 bus. The rotating electrical machine 106 may comprise a generator or the rectified output of an alternator. An internal combustion engine 116 can provide rotary energy to the rotating electrical machine 106 or the generator. The rotating electrical machine 106 or the generator converts the rotating energy into electrical energy, such as a generated DC output voltage that is applied to the DC bus 333.
    [0032] The DC 333 bus can be coupled to an electrical energy source 10, such as a battery, to store the electrical energy generated by the rotating electrical machine 104 or the generator.
    [0033] The direct current (DC) bus 333 has a positive and a negative terminal. A primary capacitor bank 212 is coupled between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus 333. The primary capacitor bank 212 is coupled via the DC input terminals (or corresponding input conductors) of the controller 310 (for example, rectifier rectification inverter).
    [0034] A series of secondary capacitor banks 200 is coupled between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus 333. Each secondary capacitor bank 200 is coupled through the DC input terminals (or corresponding input conductors) of an inverter (102, 110). In particular, a respective secondary capacitor bank 200 is coupled in parallel with the DC input terminals of the master inverter 102, and a respective secondary capacitor bank 200 is coupled in parallel with the DC input terminals of each corresponding slave inverter 110.
    [0035] A first link inductance 202 is connected between the positive terminals of the secondary capacitor banks 200. The second link inductance 204 is connected between the negative terminals of the secondary capacitor banks 200. Next to the DC output terminals of the controller 310 , or in them, the first link inductance 202 is connected between the positive terminal of the primary capacitor bank 212 and the positive terminal of a secondary capacitor bank 200. Similarly, the second link inductance 204 is connected between the negative terminal of the bank primary capacitor 212 and the negative terminal of a secondary capacitor bank 200.
    [0036] The primary capacitor bank 212 is configured to filter the DC current ripple from the 333 bus DC to the DC output generated by the controller 310 and the rotating electrical machine 104 (for example, generator). Secondary capacitor banks 200 are configured to filter the current with continuous ripple on the DC bus 333 which is consumed by rotating electrical machines 104 (for example, motors). The primary capacitor bank 212, the secondary capacitor bank 200, the first link inductance 202 and the second link inductance 204 can form a filter network to reduce ripple, where the filter network is tuned over a range of adequate resonant frequency to reduce ripple current on the DC 333 bus. The appropriate resonant frequency range can be compared to a switching frequency (or harmonics) of one or more of the inverters (102, 110).
    [0037] In one embodiment, each bank of primary capacitors 212 may comprise an arrangement or group of electrolytic capacitors. Similarly, each secondary capacitor bank 200 may comprise an array or group of electrolytic capacitors. Each electrolytic capacitor can be composed of film, electrolytic materials, dielectric material, a sealed housing metal plates or electrolytic capacitors.
    [0038] A master inverter 102 (or primary inverter) is coupled or electrically connected on the DC bus 333 to the DC power input of the DC bus on the master inverter 102. A group of slave inverters 110 (or secondary inverters) is coupled or electrically connected to the DC 333 bus for the DC 333 DC power input on the slave inverters 110 (secondary inverters). Each of the master inverters 102 (or primary inverters) may comprise a motor controller, a generator controller, a rotating electrical machine controller or a device for converting direct current into one or more alternating current signals with corresponding phases. Similarly, each of the slave inverters 110 (or secondary inverters) can comprise a motor controller, a generator controller, a rotating electrical machine controller or a device for converting direct current into one or more signals into alternating current with corresponding phases. For example, the inverter can convert direct current into output signals with three respective phases. The output signals may comprise square, sinusoidal waves, modulated by pulse width or another alternating current signal.
    [0039] In one mode, master inverter 102 (or primary inverter) can establish a reference phase for its output signal, which is tracked by slave inverters 10 (or secondary inverters). For example, master inverter 102 can transmit a signal from reference phase 103 to each of the slave inverters 110 via data bus 32, together with a sync signal or clock signal, in such a way that each slave inverter 110 can instruct your rotating electrical machine 104 to operate with a different phase shift (or with signal with phase shift 105) in relation to master inverter 102. In another example, master inverter 102 can assign an operational phase (or phase shift) each slave inverter 110, where each slave inverter 110 has a corresponding unique inverter identifier.
    [0040] Each inverter (102, 110) is coupled to terminals of a rotating electrical machine 104 by means of conductors, such as power cables 108. For example, master inverter 102 is coupled to the input terminals of the rotating electrical machine 104 or engine. The slave inverter 110 is coupled to the input terminals of the rotating electrical machine 104 or the motor. Controller 310 is coupled to the output terminals of the rotating electrical machine 106.
    [0041] In FIG. 3, system 211 comprises a rotating electrical machine 104 (e.g., first engine 105) for applying rotary energy to a respective first wheel 2 (e.g., rear right wheel) of the vehicle by means of a mechanism 122 for transferring rotary energy. Another rotating electrical machine 104 (e.g., a second engine 107) is adapted to apply rotary energy to a respective second wheel 114 (e.g., front right wheel) of the vehicle by means of a mechanism 122 for transferring rotary energy. Another rotating electrical machine 104 (e.g., a third motor 109) is adapted to apply rotary energy to a respective third wheel 118 (e.g., left front wheel) of the vehicle by means of a mechanism 122 for transferring rotary energy. Another rotating electrical machine 104 (e.g., a fourth engine 113) is adapted to apply rotary energy to a respective second wheel 114 (e.g., left rear wheel) of the vehicle by means of a mechanism 122 for transferring rotary energy. The mechanism 122 for transferring rotary energy may comprise an axle, a wheel hub, a connection, a drive train, a transaxle, a universal joint, a constant speed joint, a solid shaft, a transmission, a drive system by chain or belt or other mechanical structure for transferring rotary energy from the rotating electrical machine 104 to a wheel, a ground engaging element or rails.
    [0042] The master inverter 102 and each slave inverter 110 are capable of communicating with each other through a data bus 32 or another transmission line. For example, a master inverter 102 can send or transmit a data message or signal to other inverters or slave inverters 110 (and to controller 310) via data bus 32 or the transmission line that indicates the phase state of the inverter master 102 or that instructs slave inverters 110 and controller 310 (for example, rectifier) to operate with certain respective phases, coordinated shifts, or phase shift (for example, each shift in approximately twelve to approximately 36 degrees of phase shift) . In one embodiment, master inverter 102 and slave inverters 110 (and controller 310) can be driven by a common clock signal or other synchronization signal to synchronize their operations, and such a clock signal or synchronization signal can be distributed between the inverters via data bus 32 or the transmission line.
    [0043] Master inverter 102 is capable of receiving direct current electrical energy from the direct current bus 333. Master inverter 102 is configured to provide a first group of alternating currents with a corresponding reference phase. Slave inverters 110 are coupled to respective rotating electrical machines 104 (for example, electric motors). Each slave inverter 110 is capable of receiving electrical power in direct current from the direct current bus 333. Each slave inverter 110 is configured to provide a second group of alternating currents with a phase shift in relation to the reference phase, in a way such that the phase shift is effective to reduce the DC ripple on the DC bus 333.
    [0044] In another embodiment, master inverter 102 provides a clock signal to slave inverter 110 and a message or data signal that instructs slave inverter 110 to operate with a certain phase shift to master inverter 102. The phase shift is refers to the phase that is determined with reference to one of the output signals (for example, sinusoidal output signal, pulse width modulated signal or other waveform) of the master inverter 102, for example.
    [0045] In one embodiment, which comprises a system 211 for controlling the propulsion of a vehicle, system 211 comprises a direct current bus 333 and a plurality of respective rotating electrical machines 104 for applying rotary energy to corresponding wheels of the vehicle. Rotating electrical machines 104 may comprise electric motors or a group of electric motors and a generator (e.g., alternator). A plurality of inverters comprise a master inverter 102 and slave inverters 110. Each of the inverters 333 is coupled to a respective rotating electrical machine from the rotating electrical machines 104. Each inverter is arranged to receive electrical power in direct current from the current bus to be continued. Master inverter 102 is adapted to provide a reference group of alternating current signals with a corresponding reference phase. Each of the slave inverters 110 is adapted to provide a respective group of alternating current signals with different displacement of the displaced phase in relation to the reference phase, in such a way that the different displacement of the displaced phase is effective to reduce the ripple of direct current on the 333 dc bus.
    [0046] A data bus 32 supports communications between master inverter 102 and slave inverters 110. Data bus 32 is capable of carrying a data message indicative of the reference phase from master inverter 102 to slave inverters 10. In In one configuration, data bus 32 comprises a controller area network (CAN) data bus or other vehicle data bus 32. Master inverter 102 is adapted to assign an identifier to each inverter and a phase shift to each inverter that is referenced to the reference phase.
    [0047] The direct current bus 333 has positive and negative terminals. A primary capacitor bank 212 has a positive terminal and a negative terminal connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals, respectively, of the DC link bus. A secondary capacitor bank 200 has a positive terminal and a negative terminal connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals, respectively, of the DC link. A first link inductance 202 is connected in series with the positive terminal of the DC link between the positive terminals of primary capacitor bank 212 and secondary capacitor bank 200. A second link inductance 204 is connected in series with the terminal negative of the dc bus between the negative terminals of the primary capacitor bank 212 and the secondary capacitor bank 200, where the required value (for example, in Farads) or the required capacitance size of the primary capacitor bank 212 and the secondary capacitor bank 200 can be reduced in proportion to the corresponding reduction in the DC ripple attributable to the phase shift between master inverter 102 and each corresponding slave inverter 110 and attributable to the phase shift between master inverter 102 and controller 310 ( for example, rectifier).
    [0048] In one embodiment, the first link inductance 202 has an inductance in the range of approximately 50 nanoHenries (nH) to approximately 100 nH, and the second link inductance 204 has an inductance in the range of approximately 50 nH to approximately 100 nH. In another embodiment, the phase shift between master inverter 102 and each slave inverter 110 is determined according to the following equation: P = 360 / (6 * N), where P is the phase shift between master inverter 102 and any slave inverter 110, and N is the total number of inverters, which include master inverter 102 and slave inverters 110.
    [0049] In one configuration, the respective group of different alternating current signals (103, 105) comprises three respective signals associated with three corresponding displaced phases. The respective group of alternating current signals comprises a signal modulated by different pulse width for each input terminal of rotating electrical machines 104.
    [0050] In an alternative modality, all distributed capacitors (for example, electrolytic / film capacitors) of any modality disclosed in this document can be combined or aggregated in an aggregated capacitor bank, in which the inverters are connected with the bank of capacitors aggregated by means of a laminated busbar (for example, or another transmission line with increased capacitance) to offer minimal possible inductance or reduced inductance in relation to the other busbar or conductor configurations.
    [0051] FIG. 4 shows a group of charts or graphs for direct current as a function of time on the direct current bus for varying degrees of phase synchronism between rotating electrical machines (104, 106, 26 or 28) connected to the direct current bus (12 or 333 ). In the upper left corner, a first graphic 401 represents DC output current for two inverters (for example, 22, 24) coupled on the same DC link (for example, 12) without phase shift between the inverters. The vertical geometric axis 400 represents the magnitude of the signal, while the horizontal geometric axis 402 represents time.
    [0052] In the upper right corner, a second graphic 407 represents DC output current for two inverters (22 or 24) coupled on the same DC link (12 or 333) with a phase shift of approximately thirty degrees between the two inverters . For example, if a first inverter 22 has three output phases, called a first phase (Phase A), a second phase (Phase B) and a third phase (Phase C), where each phase of the first inverter 22 is shifted approximately 120 degrees to any other phase of the first inverter 22; the second inverter 24 has a first phase (Phase A) which is displaced approximately thirty degrees to the first phase (Phase A) of the first inverter 22; the second inverter 24 has a second phase (Phase B) which is displaced approximately thirty degrees to the second phase (Phase B) of the first inverter 22; and the second inverter 24 has a third phase (Phase C) which is shifted approximately thirty degrees from the third phase (Phase C). In this way, the graph 407 represents the possible performance of the system of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, wherein the phase shift is approximately 30 degrees between the first inverter and the second inverter. The reduction in current with ripple of the DC current in graph 407 in relation to graph 401 is readily apparent. Reference numbers equal to graph 401 and graph 407 of FIG. 4 indicate equal elements or resources.
    [0053] At the base to the left of FIG. 4, graph 403 is similar to graph 401, except that it additionally includes the alternating current phases transmitted from the first inverter 22. For the first inverter 22, the first phase 408, the second phase 404 and the third phase 406 are separated approximately 120 degrees. The current ripple in the DC bus current is impacted by each of the three phases in the region of the maximum deviations or current transmitted by the inverter (22 or 24) to the rotating machine or the motor. In graph 403, the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 are operating without phase shift in relation to each other and are coupled to the same DC link 12.
    [0054] At the base to the right of FIG. 4, graph 409 is similar to graph 407, except that it additionally includes the alternating current phases transmitted from the first inverter 42. For the first inverter 42, the first phase 408, the second phase 404 and the third phase 406 are separated approximately 120 degrees. The current ripple in the DC 12 bus current is impacted by each of the three phases in the region of the maximum deviations or current transmitted by the inverter (22 or 24) to the rotating machine or the motor (26 or 28). In graph 403, the first inverter 22 and the second inverter 24 are operating with a phase shift of approximately thirty degrees relative to each other and are coupled on the same DC link bus 12. In this way, the current ripple on the DC link is reduced in a similar way to that shown in graph 407.
    [0055] The system disclosed in this document is well suited to reduce the size, weight or maximum capacity of one or more capacitors on the DC link that supplies multiple inverters of a vehicle. The size, weight or capacity of the capacitors may decrease from a size in the worst case or a capacity in the worst case that are required in other circumstances to withstand operating conditions in the worst case of one or more vehicle engines or machines, such as operation low speed, stall current in the motor and minimum motor switching frequency. Instead, the system disclosed in this document facilitates the control of a vehicle with multiple inverters and corresponding motors by synchronizing the alternating current phases (for example, with predetermined phase shifts) of the inverters to reduce, limit or manage the ripple current . In addition, the system disclosed in this document supports the use of machines or motors with both permanent magnet and switched reluctance in the same vehicle, while minimizing the size and weight of the capacitor bank by synchronizing the phases of the current signals switched reluctance machine (SR) (eg SR motor) and permanent magnet machine (SM). The system disclosed in this document supports the use of machines with different numbers or pole pair configurations for the same vehicle, while minimizing the size and weight of the capacitor bank by synchronizing the phases of the alternating current signals that feed machines with different pole pair configurations. The exposed invention is used to reduce the cost (and associated weight or spatial requirements) of capacitors with a greater capacity to standardize the ripple current on the DC link which, in other circumstances, will be used in hybrid and electric vehicles, for example.
    [0056] Having described the preferred embodiment, it will be apparent that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention defined in the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [0001]
    1. A system (11, 211) for controlling the propulsion of a vehicle, comprising: a DC link (12, 333) for receiving DC power from an electrical power source; a first engine (26, 105) for applying rotary energy to a respective first wheel (30, 112) of the vehicle; a second engine (28, 107, 109, 113) for applying rotary energy to a respective second wheel (32, 114, 118, 120) of the vehicle; and, a first inverter (22, 102) coupled to the first motor (26, 105), the first inverter (22, 102) receiving electrical energy in direct current from the direct current bus (12, 333), the first inverter (22, 102) providing a first group of alternating currents with at least one corresponding reference phase, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises: a second inverter (24, 110) coupled to the second motor (28, 107, 109, 113), the second inverter (24, 110) receiving electrical power in direct current from the direct current bus (12, 333), the second inverter (24, 110) providing a second group of alternating currents with a phase shift comprising a shift of thirty degrees in relation to at least one reference phase, in such a way that the phase shift is effective to reduce the DC ripple in the DC link bus (12, 333), where the first motor (26, 105) and the if second motors (28, 107, 109, 113) generally have the same number of pole pairs.
    [0002]
    2. System (11, 211) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises: a data bus (32, 114, 118, 120) that supports communications between the first inverter (22, 102) and the second inverter (24, 110), the data bus (28, 107, 109, 113) capable of carrying a data message indicative of the reference phase from the first inverter (22, 102) to the second inverter (24, 110).
    [0003]
    System (11, 211) according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the data bus (32, 114, 118, 120) comprises a controller area network data bus (CAN) or another vehicle data bus.
    [0004]
    System (11, 211) according to claim 2, characterized in that it additionally comprises: a controller (310) coupled to the data bus (32, 114, 118, 120), the controller (310) assigning a identifier for each inverter (22, 24) and a phase shift for each inverter (22, 24) that is referenced to at least one reference phase.
    [0005]
    5. System (11, 211) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises: the DC link (12, 333) with positive and negative terminals; a first capacitor (14) with a positive and a negative terminal connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals, respectively, of the DC link (12, 333); a second capacitor (18, 204) with a positive and a negative terminal connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals, respectively, of the DC link (12, 333); a first link inductance (16, 202) connected in series with the positive terminal of the DC link bus (12, 333) between the positive terminals of the first capacitor (14) and the second capacitor (18, 204); and a second link inductance (19) connected in series with the negative terminal of the DC link (12, 333) between the negative terminals of the first capacitor (14) and the second capacitor (18, 204), where the value The required capacitance size of the first capacitor (14) and the second capacitor (18, 204) can be reduced in proportion to the corresponding reduction in DC ripple.
    [0006]
    6. System (11, 211) according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the first bonding inductance (16, 202) has an inductance in the range of 50 nH (nanoHenries) up to 100 nH and in which the second bonding inductance (19) has an inductance in the range 50 nH to 100 nH.
    [0007]
    System (11, 211) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the phase shift is adjusted from thirty degrees between at least one reference phase of the first inverter (22, 102) and a phase of the second inverter (24, 110), if the number of pole pairs is different.
    [0008]
    System (11, 211) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that: the first group of alternating current signals comprises three respective signals associated with three corresponding displaced phases, and in which the second group of current signals The alternating phase comprises three respective signals with three corresponding displaced phases, and the phase displacement is between corresponding pairs of the first group and the second group of alternating current signals.
    [0009]
    System (11, 211) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first group of alternating current signals comprises a signal modulated by different pulse width for each input terminal of the first electric motor (26, 105 ) and wherein the second group of alternating current signals comprises a signal modulated by a different pulse width for each input terminal of the second motor (28, 107, 109, 113).
    [0010]
    10. System (11, 211) for controlling the propulsion of a vehicle, comprising: a direct current bus (12, 333) for receiving electrical energy in direct current from an electrical energy source; a plurality of respective rotating electrical machines (104, 106) for applying rotary energy to corresponding wheels (30, 32, 105, 114, 118, 120) of the vehicle; and, a plurality of inverters (22, 24, 102, 110) comprising a master inverter and slave inverters, each of the inverters coupled to a respective rotating electrical machine of the rotating electrical machines (104, 106), each inverter arranged to receive direct current electrical energy from the direct current bus (12, 333), the master inverter being adapted to provide a reference group of alternating current signals with at least one corresponding reference phase, characterized by the fact that each of the adapted slave inverters is to provide a respective group of signals in alternating current with different displacement phases and a displaced phase in relation to at least one reference phase, in such a way that the different displacement phase displacement is effective to reduce the ripple current on the DC link (12, 333), where the phase shift between the master inverter and each inverter is written avo is determined according to the following equation: P = 360 / (6 * N), where P is the phase shift between the master inverter and any slave inverter, and N is the total number of inverters including the master inverter and slave inverters .
    [0011]
    11. System (11, 211) according to claim 10, characterized in that it additionally comprises: a data bus (32, 114, 118, 120) that supports communications between the master inverter and the slave inverters, the bus data capable of carrying a data message indicative of at least one reference phase from the master inverter to the slave inverters.
    [0012]
    12. System (11, 211) according to claim 11, characterized in that the data bus (32, 114, 118, 120) comprises a controller area network data bus (CAN) or another vehicle data bus.
    [0013]
    13. System (11, 211) according to claim 11, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises: the master inverter adapted to assign an identifier to each inverter and a phase shift to each inverter that is referenced to the reference phase.
    [0014]
    14. System (11, 211) according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises: the DC link bus (12, 333) with positive and negative terminals; a first capacitor (14) with a positive and a negative terminal connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals, respectively, of the DC link (12, 333); a second capacitor (18, 204) with a positive and a negative terminal connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals, respectively, of the DC link (12, 333); a first link inductance (16, 202) connected in series with the positive terminal of the DC link bus (12, 333) between the positive terminals of the first capacitor (14) and the second capacitor (18, 204); and a second link inductance (19) connected in series with the negative terminal of the DC link (12, 333) between the negative terminals of the first capacitor (14) and the second capacitor (18, 204), where the value The required capacitance size of the first capacitor (14) and the second capacitor (18, 204) can be reduced in proportion to the corresponding reduction in DC ripple.
    [0015]
    System (11, 211) according to claim 14, characterized by the fact that the first bonding inductance (16, 202) has an inductance in the range of 50 nanoHenries (nH) up to 100 nH, and in which the second bonding inductance (19) has an inductance in the range 50 nH to 100 nH.
    [0016]
    16. System (11, 211) according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that: the respective group of different alternating current signals comprises three respective signals associated with three corresponding displaced phases.
    [0017]
    17. System (11, 211) according to claim 10, characterized in that the respective group of alternating current signals comprises a signal modulated by different pulse width for each input terminal of rotating electrical machines (104, 106 ).
    [0018]
    18. System (11, 211) according to claim 10, characterized in that the rotating electrical machines (104, 106) comprise electric motors.
    [0019]
    19. System (11, 211) according to claim 10, characterized in that the rotating electric machine (104, 106) comprises a generator and one or more motors.
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    US20120235617A1|2012-09-20|
    BR112013023618A2|2017-06-13|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-08-13| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-05-26| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-15| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-01| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 06/03/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
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    PCT/US2012/027853|WO2012125339A2|2011-03-16|2012-03-06|System for controlling rotary electric machines to reduce current ripple on direct current bus|
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